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	<title>pidp11 &#8211; Forths.com</title>
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	<title>pidp11 &#8211; Forths.com</title>
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	<item>
		<title>Built a 1975-era Computer (sort of)</title>
		<link>https://forths.com/built-a-1975-era-computer-sort-of/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kevin Forth]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Feb 2023 14:51:44 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Projects]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pdp11]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pidp11]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://forths.com/?p=5935</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In late 1974 I was fortunate enough to get some experience using an HP-2000F minicomputer with a teletype terminal in my school. Compared to using a computer today, the teletype &#8230; ]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In late 1974 I was fortunate enough to get some experience using an HP-2000F minicomputer with a teletype terminal in my school.  Compared to using a computer today, the teletype was noisy and slow, and seemed to self-destruct every few weeks, needing repairs or adjustments to keep it printing clearly.  Still, the experience seemed magical to me.  A friend and I would play various games, including a Star Trek game that was purely text-based, but kept us engaged for hours as the teletype slowly printed the outcome of every Klingon battle.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/teletype-1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5938" src="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/teletype-1-1024x768.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-5938" srcset="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/teletype-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/teletype-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/teletype-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/teletype-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/teletype-1.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figcaption class="blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption">Teletype Model 33</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">I didn&#8217;t realize it then, but this was during the rise of the &#8220;minicomputer&#8221;.  Minicomputers were smaller than the room-sized mainframes and cost much less, but were still the size of a refrigerator or two.  Minicomputers were made by several companies including IBM, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Prime, Wang, Data General, and many more.  Corporate departments, mid-sized companies, and universities all found uses for the cost-effective minicomputers.  In 1983, my employer&#8217;s financial systems ran on a DEC PDP11.  I programmed using the DIBOL language to create sales or financial reports.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/PDP11-full.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="678" data-id="5939" src="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/PDP11-full.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-5939" srcset="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/PDP11-full.jpg 1024w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/PDP11-full-300x199.jpg 300w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/PDP11-full-768x509.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">DEC PDP11/70 Minicomputer</figcaption></figure>
</figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Fast-forward to modern times, when I stumbled upon information on the internet about a fellow in Switzerland who sells 6:10 scale reproduction kits of the Digital PDP-11/70 front panel, complete with a row of 1970s-era red and magenta switches and the requisite &#8220;<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blinkenlights" target="_blank">blinkenlights</a>&#8221; flashing away.  The kit runs hardware emulation on an embedded Raspberry Pi computer.  This was perfect, since I had an unused Raspberry PI in my stock of spare parts.  The kits are built to order, so I ordered one.  The kit arrived a few weeks later.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_121015-scaled.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="461" data-id="5942" src="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_121015-1024x461.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-5942" srcset="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_121015-1024x461.jpg 1024w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_121015-300x135.jpg 300w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_121015-768x346.jpg 768w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_121015-1536x692.jpg 1536w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_121015-2048x922.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Bags of parts and the circuit board</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_143522-scaled.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="461" data-id="5944" src="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_143522-1024x461.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-5944" srcset="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_143522-1024x461.jpg 1024w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_143522-300x135.jpg 300w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_143522-768x346.jpg 768w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_143522-1536x692.jpg 1536w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_143522-2048x922.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Parts are sorted and prepared</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_155704-1-scaled.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="461" data-id="5943" src="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_155704-1-1024x461.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-5943" srcset="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_155704-1-1024x461.jpg 1024w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_155704-1-300x135.jpg 300w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_155704-1-768x346.jpg 768w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_155704-1-1536x692.jpg 1536w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_155704-1-2048x922.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Diodes are soldered in place</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><a href="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_193342.jpg-scaled.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="461" data-id="5953" src="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_193342.jpg-1024x461.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-5953" srcset="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_193342.jpg-1024x461.jpg 1024w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_193342.jpg-300x135.jpg 300w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_193342.jpg-768x346.jpg 768w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_193342.jpg-1536x692.jpg 1536w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/20230215_193342.jpg-2048x922.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Board is ready for testing</figcaption></figure>
</figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The parts came in several bags, one with switches and the other with everything else.  An acrylic panel faithfully replicates the colors and logo of the PDP11/70, along with a display case and rear panel to house the electronics and any interfaces the builder opts to include.  Since the Pi includes WiFI, I&#8217;ll likely let this computer connect wirelessly, but I still included an RJ-45 ethernet port on the back to allow for a hard-wired network connection.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The kit took about 6 hours to assemble.  Included were 30 switches of various types, 64 LEDs, 37 diodes, 2 rotary encoders, 18 resistors, and an 8-channel logic driver integrated circuit.  I was pleased that everything worked when I powered up the circuit board the first time.  After the PDP11 replica was assembled, I added it to my network and logged in.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><a href="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/pidp11.gif" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="600" height="338" data-id="5945" src="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/pidp11.gif" alt="" class="wp-image-5945"/></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">My replica PDP11 running</figcaption></figure>
</figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">I booted into BSD 2.11, an early UNIX variant, and explored the file systems.  Under the /usr/games directory were programs called trek and hangman, both of which I used almost 50 years ago.  I typed ./trek to start the program and instantly remembered the game&#8217;s commands and strategy.  It all came back to me &#8211; surprising, since I usually can&#8217;t remember what I had for breakfast on any given day.  The main difference was that I was using a terminal emulator, which instantly displays the text output where the older teletype would take forever to type each character at a blazing 110 baud communication speed, adding to the sense of anticipation.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-5 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Screenshot-from-2023-02-18-09-28-46.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1018" height="759" data-id="5946" src="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Screenshot-from-2023-02-18-09-28-46.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5946" srcset="https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Screenshot-from-2023-02-18-09-28-46.png 1018w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Screenshot-from-2023-02-18-09-28-46-300x224.png 300w, https://forths.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Screenshot-from-2023-02-18-09-28-46-768x573.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1018px) 100vw, 1018px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Running trek on my replica PDP11 with BSD 2.11 UNIX</figcaption></figure>
</figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This PDP11 replica is mainly a novelty, but I&#8217;ve enjoyed logging onto it, booting various operating systems, compiling old software, and navigating the file system using commands from the very origins of the UNIX operating system.  What a great way to revisit childhood memories from a time when computers were not yet in our homes.</p>
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